gorillas
Gorillas fit into the category of primates and are the largest of all. Only two species of them are in the world today: the Eastern Gorilla and the Western Gorilla, each species has a parejade subspecies, which helps further encourage the formation of small groups of individuals. Many people are fascinated with the gorillas because they have many similar characteristics to humans, being that's one of the reasons why many are upset because these animals are in captivity; venel reflection of human eyes on caged gorillas. This can be very disturbing and hard image to forget.
gorilasEn captive gorillas do many things that humans do delos copied, can be very rude as nose picking or vomiting. Some have been taught to pull the bird, which is not very appropriate behavior, however all this at the zoo really makes one wonder who is laughing at whom.
Gorillas are very large animals and can be aggressive when they feel that they or their family are in danger. Males are much larger than females, it is surprising to see these large animals be so kind and gentle towards females and often with their children. They communicate with a variety of verbal and nonverbal methods. They live in small groups called herds and an adult male who is in charge of what happens in it. The leader takes responsibility to fight to protect them and they will do with your life if necessary, the other males also lucharána his side to protect their families.
The fact that the gorilla is so smart is one reason why researchers like so much. Most gorilla named Koko recuerdanal people in early 1980, who taught him sign language. The use of these animals for research is still taking place in many areas, but has been very limited compared to what it was a couple of decades ago mainly by the efforts of the protecting groups of animals that have fought hard porlos gorillas rights. Today many live in captivity in zoos around the world and have very good areas that are similar to those they have in the wild. Some of the big zoológicosposeenmuchos acres of land in which puedenmoverse freely but is not the same as being in the wild.
gorilla in the Riose are many efforts to gorilla conservation that continue to decline at an accelerated pace to be hunted by man, the various predators that attack young and because their natural habitat remains removed. You can not deny that gorillas are among the most fascinating creatures in the world. They have a rich history, but what is in store for them in their future remains unknown and uncertain. It is expected that solutions are put in place and their number may increase rather than continue to fall.
In the wild gorillas can live up to 50 years, unfortunately, for many of them the vidapuede be relatively short. There are a lot of things that are known about the life of gorillas, however, should also pay more attention to their needs to find ways to help them thrive in nature once again.
Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about the gorillas.
How many types of gorillas left?
Some scientists believe that there are two distinct species of gorillas. Gorillas are the western (Gorilla gorilla) and Eastern Gorilla (Gorilla beringei). Each species has two subspecies. Among the Gorillas Western Lowland Gorillas there and the Nigerian Gorillas. Among the Eastern Gorillas Mountain Gorillas and there Lowland Gorillas, Koko is a copy of Western Lowland Gorilla.
When did you first observed gorillas in the wild?
The first recorded observation of gorillas was carried out in 1847 by Thomas Savage, an American missionary doctor working in Gabon. The current fossil history shows that great apes first appeared in Africa more than 25 million years ago, gorillas we know today appeared about 12 million years ago.
Where in the world live in the wild gorillas?
Only in Equatorial Africa in the following countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Nigeria, Rwanda and Uganda.
What size are the gorillas?
Adult males living in a natural environment weigh between 300 and 350 pounds. Females are much smaller, usually weigh between 150 and 175 pounds. Males are on average about 3 feet 3 inches tall to be on all fours and 5 feet and 6 inches tall when standing. Gorillas in zoos tend to be larger due to a richer diet and exercise less.
What is a silverback gorilla?
A silverback gorilla is a mature male, usually not less than fifteen years. The male of this age develops short silvery white hair on his back.
gorilla silverback gorillas are bipedal Do?
No, gorillas usually walk and run on all four legs, resting his arms on his knuckles instead of your hands. Gorillas can stand on two legs and occasionally walk or run a short distance upright.
How long gorillas live?
The normal lifetime of gorillas in the wild is 25-35 years. Some (both librescomo in captivity), especially females live about 40years. The oldest known was a captive male gorilla named Massa, who lived to 54 years.
What do they eat gorillas?
Gorillas are mainly vegetarian, except on special occasions they eat ants or termites. Mountain Gorillas mostly eat leaves, stems, roots, herbs and trees. Gorillas also eat fruit, and a variety of foliage.
Do gorillas suffer from the same diseases as humans?
If they do it. Care must be taken when humans come into contact with them as they may succumb to diseases such as heart attacks, cancer, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and Ebola.
How is a typical day for a group of gorillas?
They get up at dawn and spend most of the morning looking for food. They usually have about a rest period of one hour during the middle of the day, which may involve the toilet or nap. The afternoon is again dedicated to traveling around in search of food. By late afternoon they start to build a bed made of branches and leaves usually on the floor for the night. Gorillas usually sleep 12-13 hours each night.
How gorillas communicate with each other?
Gorillas naturally use physical gestures that incorporate hands and rostrosus bodies. They also make vocalizations including laughs, chuckles, shouting, nuisance barking, cries of alarm and a variety of sounds of joy that can become vocalizations as song.
What kind of personality are the gorillas?
Despite its fictional portrayals as fearsome animals, most gorillas are shy, gentle and peaceful creatures and only become aggressive in self-defense.
How is the family life of a gorilla?
Gorillas live in cohesive herds with an average of ten members, consisting of one or two adult males, several adult females and their young. There is a close and permanent link frequently among members of a group of gorillas.
How similar are the gorillas and humans?
Gorillas are part of the family of great apes, including humans, orangutans and chimpanzees. Recent studies show that gorillas and humans have about 98% of its similar DNA.
What is the gestation period of a gorilla?
The normal gestation period for a female gorilla is 8.5 months. A newborn gorilla has an average weight of 4.5 pounds. Baby gorillas are usually kept until age 2 or 3 years. On average, a female gives birth to one baby every four years.
Do gorillas have predators?
Yes, humans.
Are the endangered gorillas?
Of course. The loss of habitat as a result of the expansion of human population and increased use of forests for agriculture and forestry, is taking the places where gorillas can live naturally with sufficient space and food. The biggest problem, however, is the trade in bushmeat. Poachers kill gorillas and then sell them as food in the cities and even abroad to satisfy demand for exotic delicacies. It is estimated that the current global population of gorillas living in the wild could completely disappear from 10 to 20 years if the illegal activity does not stop.
stingrays
The stingray is one of the most fascinating and amazing creatures in the water. We do not know much about these fish, part of the reason why researchers are still fascinated by them. It is believed that this fish evolved millions of years ago in the creature we see today, they are very large animals, and only the whale shark is bigger when it comes to fish in the ocean.
blanket rayasSi pay attention to popular culture you will quickly see that the stingrays are represented in various ways, some of that has to do with the early beliefs, like the peoples of Peru and more recently with various documentaries about these creatures. The anatomy of the stingray fascinates researchers, is well designed to help them adapt and survive in their natural environment.
Many people do not know much about the stingray, which is likely to be because researchers have not really discovered a lot about them. A large part of his life remains a mystery, although we know the basics, for example, the stingray lives in either sub tropics, or in tropical waters, it is a filter feeder and consume large amounts of food every day.
Reproduction for these animals seems to be complex, males are very aggressive and tend to fight hard to find a female because there are more males than females. One reason why we will not see many manta rays in captivity due to its large size. It is very expensive to create an environment that offers them the space they need. There are only four of these animals currently in captivity, one of them lives in a tank containing 60 million gallons of water.
stingray under the marHay some ongoing efforts to conserve the environment of the manta ray. These efforts include the protection of its natural habitat, reducing the effects of pollution and global warming, however, these animals seem to be very low on the list when it comes to conservation efforts due to the fact that really no we have a good idea how many there are.
In the past, many of these fish were hunted for sport, for their meat, oil, and even to allow commercial fishermen have more access to the elements of which the stingray consume in their daily diet. Today stingray hunting is limited, especially in the United States, living in the area of Hawaii are the most protected due to the low number. They also attract a large number of tourists coming to explore the waters where stingrays live.
Since we do not know the future holds for them, it is even more important to protect them, hopefully one day studies can be carried out and help us identify how many of the various species of stingrays remain in nature.
As more research on manta rays are made, there will be more information to share with the general public, for the moment, learn all you can about what you already know is a great way to start. These amazing creatures need to be protected so they can continue to help maintain the balance of aquatic life, something very important for all of us.
Here are some of the more frequently asked questions about stingrays.
Where are the stingrays?
Mantas are found in the tropics and sub-tropics of the world seas.
Does the stingray has teeth?
Yes, the stingrays are around 300 rows of tiny teeth, each the size of a pinhead. The crown of each tooth has a blunt surface with three weak peaks. These teeth are often indistinguishable from the denticles (scales) inside the mouth and are not used for food, they may play a role in courtship and mating of the manta ray.
How stingrays reproduce?
Like sharks and rays, manta rays are fertilized internally. Males blankets have a pair of penises, called claspers along the inside of their pelvic fins. Each clasper has a slot through which a female sperm, where fertilization occurs is transferred. During courtship, males pursue one or more female for long periods. Eventually a male successfully grab the tip of one of his pectoral wings between her teeth and pressed her belly against hers. Then the male bends a its claspers and inserts it into the opening. Copulation lasts about 90 seconds. The fertilized eggs develop inside the body of the mother manta for a long period, but unknown, which can be from 9 to 12 months or more. One to two calves are born per litter, but no one knows where or when the blankets give birth. There is one report of a blanket North Carolina baby born while his mother was in the jump after being harpooned, but this may not be typical. Mothers blankets can take a year off between pregnancies to rebuild their energy reserves.
How big is a newborn manta ray and have been found where?
stingray at the bottom marinoEn basis to smaller free-swimming members of this species, the stingrays newborn measure about four feet (1.2 meters) wide. Very few have been reported and we know almost nothing about where they are born.
What is the size of the largest stingray found?
Mantas records are very difficult to verify. The largest reported in the scientific literature is 22 feet (6.7 meters) and there is a report of an individual 30 feet (9.1 meters). But most of the blankets measured about 12 feet (4 meters) wide.
How long live the stingrays?
No one knows how long they live. Based on life expectancies closely related known (but much smaller) striped hot water, Mantas can live up to 25 years or so.
Do stingrays have killed someone?
There are numerous anecdotal reports, mostly blankets harpooned jumping into small boats and breaking them. Some of these cases may have resulted in the death of one or more people by crushing or drowning, but bear in mind that the animal was just trying to defend himself. Divers have sometimes been accidentally injured when trying to mount blankets or photograph them at close range. But there is no record of an unprovoked attack from a stingray a person.
What are the predators of the stingrays?
Only large warm-water sharks like tiger sharks are known to harass blankets.
Do stingrays sleep?
Nobody knows. In vertebrates (animals with backbones), sleep is characterized by a profound change in brain waves. This has never been demonstrated experimentally in the manta rays or any other elasmobranch (shark or ray). Actively sharks and rays swim continuously nonstop from birth to death. Although it is possible that some parts of the brain to shut down while the parts of the brain responsible for the coordination of swimming movements remain awake, this has not been experimentally demonstrated.
How deep manta rays swim?
Divers have observed blankets as deep as 100 feet (30 meters), but nobody knows how deep can swim.
Why stingrays sometimes jump out of the water?
Rugs can completely jump out of water for a variety of reasons. They can do to escape a potential predator or to get rid of skin parasites. They can jump to communicate with others of their own species. It is unknown what may be trying to communicate. The male jump may be demonstrating its suitability as part of a courtship.
Do stingrays are endangered?
I do not know. The blankets appear to be quite abundant in places, and rare or absent in others. Until we understand the extent and dynamics of populations of manta rays, there is no way to assess their condition. According to its low birth rate, the blankets are probably very vulnerable to pressure from sustainable fisheries and habitat degradation.
Why manta rays are important?
so little is known about the basic biology and the life of the stingrays that little can be said about its importance from the point of scientific and ecologically. It can be argued that the covers are important because they add beauty, diversity, and mystery to our world. No blankets, our planet would seem a much poorer place.
salamanders
Salamanders are a group of amphibians that are typically characterized by the appearance of a lizard, with slender bodies, blunt snout, short limbs at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail, both larvae and adults. All families of current salamanders are grouped under the scientific name Urodela. The diversity of salamanders is more abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and most species are found in the northern continents, with some species in the tropics.
salamandra3Las salamanders never have more than four toes on the front and five on the hind legs legs, however, some species have fewer digits and others they lack hind limbs. Their permeable skin, usually makes them dependent on habitats in or near water or other cool, moist places. Some species of salamanders are fully aquatic throughout their lives, some are intermittently, and some are entirely terrestrial as adults.
Unique among vertebrates, salamanders are able to regenerate lost limbs and other damaged parts of your body. Most Salamandridae family members are known as Tritons and lack the grooves along the sides of their bodies, typical of other groups. The skin of some species contains a powerful poison called tetrodotoxin, and these salamanders tend to be slow and have a bright color that announces its toxicity. Salamanders usually lay their eggs in the water and have aquatic larvae but large variations occur in their life cycles. In some species and some hostile environments, salamanders reproduce while in their larval state.
In literature and legend, the salamander is associated with fire, supposedly coming out unscathed from the flames, thinking that clothing made from their skins is incombustible. Salamander brandy, a drink prepared by fermenting fruit juices and placement of a salamander inside, is reputed to have hallucinogenic and have aphrodisiac properties. The ability of the salamander to regrow lost body parts is being investigated because of all the applications that this may have for human medicine.
Physical appearance of salamanders
The skin of a salamander lacks scales and is moist and soft to the touch, except for newts, which can have a velvety or warty, skin moist to the touch. Your skin can be both monotonous or bright colors, and display different patterns of stripes, stripes, spots or stains. Male newts are colored dramatically during the mating season. The species living in the darkness of the caves lack pigmentation and have a translucent pink or pearlescent.
Salamanders vary in size from tiny salamanders, with a total length of 2.7 cm (1.1 inches), including the tail, the Chinese giant salamander that can measure 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and weigh up to 65 kg (143 lb). Most, however, are between 10 and 20 cm (3.9 and 7.9 inches) in length.
An adult salamander generally resembles a small lizard. Except Salamandridae family, head, body and tail have a number of vertical depressions on the surface ranging from the mid-dorsal region to the ventral area and are known as costal grooves. Its function seems to be to help keep the skin moist by channeling water on the surface of the body.
Some water, such as sirens and anfiumas, have reduced or eliminated their hind legs, giving the appearance as an eel, but in most species, the front and rear ends are the same length species, barely raising his trunk floor. The feet are wide with short fingers, usually four in the front and five on the back legs. Salamanders not have claws, and the shape of their legs varies according to its habitat. Climbers species have long fingers, while the inhabitants of the rocks have larger feet with short, blunt fingers.
In its larval state, salamanders are aquatic, with a laterally flattened tail that undulates from side to side to propel the animal through the water. In families Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae, the male's tail, which is larger than the female, is used during mating embrace to aid in coupling. In terrestrial species, the tail moves to counter the weight of the animal, while the arboreal salamanders and other arboreal species, is prehensile. The tail is also used by certain salamanders to jump. The tail is used in courtship and as an organ storage proteins and lipids. It also functions as a defense against predation, leaving her behind before the attack of a predator. Unlike frogs, an adult salamander can regenerate all his limbs and tail when they lose.
The skin of salamanders, in common with other amphibians, is thin, permeable to water, serves as a respiratory membrane, and is well supplied glands that keep it moist and help in the process of breathing animal.
Directions salamanders
salamandra1El salamanders smell plays a fundamental role in maintaining their territory, recognition of predators, and courtship rituals, but is probably secondary to view during selection of prey and food. Salamanders have two types of sensory areas that respond to environmental chemistry. The olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity collects odors both in the air and in the water, while neighboring vomeronasal organs detect non-volatile chemical signals such as taste in the mouth.
The eyes of most salamanders are adapted primarily for night vision. In some aquatic species, they are reduced in size and have a simplified retina and the cave dwellers, as the blind salamander Georgia, are absent or covered with a layer of skin. In species of amphibian, eyes are nearsighted in the air and in the water view. The fully terrestrial species have a flatter lens that can focus on a much wider range of distances. To find their prey, salamanders use a tri-color vision that extends in the ultraviolet range. Larvae and adults of some highly water, species also have a side organ, similar to fish, which can detect changes in the water pressure line.
Salamanders lack eardrums, but like frogs have Opercularis system in the middle ear. The system seems able to detect low frequency vibrations (500-600 Hz), which can be collected from the ground by former members and transmitted to the inner ear. These can serve to warn the animal of the presence of a predator.
Salamanders are generally considered dumb, and do not use sound for communication; However, some species can make a sort of ticking or popping noises, perhaps by opening and closing valves in the nose, others can make a kind of squeak by contracting the muscles of the throat. Vocalization of salamander has been little studied and purpose of these sounds is presumed that used to surprise predators.
Breathing salamanders
Breathing is different among different species of salamanders, and may involve the gills, lungs, skin and membranes of the mouth and throat. The larvae of salamanders breathe mainly through the gills, which are usually external and appearance of feathers. Some species like the Necturus maculosus keep their gills throughout their lives, but most species lost in the metamorphosis.
When present in adult salamanders, lungs vary widely among different species in size and structure. In the cold-water species such as Rhyacotriton variegatus, the lungs are very small, with smooth walls, while species living in warm water with little dissolved oxygen as the intermediate Siren, have large lungs with corrugated surfaces. In terrestrial or lungs or gills they are present, and gas exchange occurs mainly through the skin, supplemented with the tissues of the mouth. To facilitate this, these salamanders have a dense network of blood vessels under the skin and in the mouth.
In Amfiumas, the metamorphosis is incomplete, and keep a pair of gill slits in adulthood, with the full operation of its internal gills. Some species that lack lungs breathe through gills. In most cases, they are external, visible as tufts on each side of the head gills. Some terrestrial salamanders have lungs that used in breathing, although these are simple and sac, unlike the more complex organs found in mammals. Many species have both; adult lungs and gills.
Food and diet salamanders
Salamanders are opportunistic predators. Usually they not limited to specific foods, but eat almost any body of reasonable size. Large species such as the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) eat crabs, fish, small mammals, amphibians and aquatic insects. In a study of small dark salamanders (Desmognathus) in the mountains of Appalachia, their diet included worms, flies, beetles, grubs, grasshoppers, springtails, moths, spiders, grasshoppers, and mites. Cannibalism sometimes occurs, especially when resources are scarce or time is limited. The tadpoles of salamanders in ephemeral waters sometimes resort to eating each other, and are apparently able to address unrelated individuals. Adults black-bellied salamanders, can feed on adults and young of other species of salamanders.
Most species of salamander have small teeth in its upper jaw both as inferior. Unlike frogs, salamanders even larvae possess these teeth. Although the larvae teeth are shaped like pointed cones, teeth of adults are adapted to easily grasp a dam. When the prey fight only advances in the mouth of the salamander, the tips of the teeth relax and bend in the same direction, encouraging the movement towards the throat, and resisting the escape of the dam. All teeth are resorbed and replaced at intervals throughout the life of the animal.
A terrestrial salamander catches its prey with a flick of his sticky tongue, in an action that lasts less than half a second. In some species, the tab is attached anteriorly to the floor of the mouth sense, while in others, is mounted on a pedicel. It becomes sticky mucus secretions by glands at the tip and on the roof of the mouth. Swallowing involves alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the throat, with the assistance of depression eyeballs on the roof of the mouth.
A newt has no muscles in the tongue, and capture their prey in a completely different way. Grab the food with their teeth, and adopts a kind of inertial power. This involves shaking his head and tightly draw water in and out of his mouth, which tends to tear and marinate the dam, which is down below.
See also: What do they eat salamanders?
Defense salamanders
salamandra2Las salamanders have thin skins and soft bodies, and move rather slowly, and at first glance may appear to be vulnerable to opportunistic predation. However, they have several effective lines of defense.